The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.